Women Leaders
Despite the simple fact that most of the powerful figures in history have been men, some women have risen above these cultural expectations and wielded tremendous power. Learn more about women who've ruled as queens (or empresses or pharaohs, etc.), influenced history as queen consorts or first ladies, and who've headed nations.
- Women Prime Ministers and Presidents of the 20th Century
- Powerful Women Rulers You Should Know
- Ancient History's Queens, Empresses, Pharoahs, and Other Rulers
- Female Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
- Medieval and Renaissance Queens, Empresses, and Rulers
- Byzantine Empresses
- Medieval British Queens
- Early Modern Women Rulers (about 1600-1750)
- 18th Century Women Rulers (1700-1800)
- Women Rulers of the 19th Century
- Women Presidents and Prime Ministers of the 20th Century
- First Ladies - Wives of American Presidents
- Women in Congress (United States)
- Women Governors (United States)
Feminists and Women's Rights Advocates
Some notable women have worked for their own rights and the rights of all women. Here you'll find feminists and other women's rights activists, modern and historical.
- Bella Abzug
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- Susan B. Anthony
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Olympe de Gouges
- Millicent Garrett Fawcett
- Betty Friedan
- Judith Sargent Murray
- Emmeline Pankhurst
- Alice Paul
- Margaret Sanger
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Lucy Stone
- Sojourner Truth
- Harriet Tubman
- Ida B. Wells-Barnett
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Feminist Theorists
- All About Women's Suffrage
- Picture Index: Women's Suffrage Activists
Women Writers
For centuries, one of the fields open to women, a field where women could quite literally find their voices, was writing. On this site you'll find many biographies of women writers. Here are a few women writers as representative samples, plus links to find many, many more.
- Louisa May Alcott
- Isabel Allende
- Jane Austen
- Anne Bradstreet
- Emily Dickinson
- Doris Kearns Goodwin
- Zora Neale Hurston
- Selma Lagerlöf
- Toni Morrison
- Murasaki Shikibu
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Alice Walker
- Phillis Wheatley
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Women Writers of the Ancient World
- Medieval Women Writers
- Indian Captivity Narrative Writers
- Women Writers of the 19th Century
- Women Writers of the 20th Century
- Women Journalists and Editors
Women in the Workplace: Labor, Business
Women have made their mark in the workplace, and not just in the 20th century. Women have founded or inherited and run major business enterprises, and women have organized the workplace for better working conditions and compensation. Read about some of the women who've made in impact in the workplace:
- Elizabeth Arden
- Sarah Bagley
- Coco Chanel
- Mary Parker Follett
- Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
- Dolores Huerta
- Mother Jones
- Helen Marot
- Mary McDowell
- Mary Kenney O'Sullivan
- Lucy Parsons
- Lydia E. Pinkham
- Rosie the Riveter
- Rose Schneiderman
- Maud O'Farrell Swartz
- Madam C. J. Walker
- Maggie Lena Walker
- Oprah Winfrey
- Women of the WTUL (Women's Trade Union League)
- Businesswomen, Executives, Entrepreneurs
Humanitarians and Social Reformers
Women have often conceived their responsibility as "public housekeeping" -- making the world better for others. Here are some notable women who conceived of their work as making the world better, and links to find more.
Women in the Ancient World
A few of the women history remembers from ancient and classical times: Egypt, Greece, Rome, Israel, the Near East and more. Plus links to more.
- Artemisia
- Boudicca (Boadicea)
- Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
- Enheduanna
- Hatshepsut, Pharaoh of Egypt
- Hypatia of Alexandria
- Melania the Elder
- Melania the Younger
- Nefertiti
- Sappho of Lesbos
- Semiramis (Sammu-Ramat)
- Theodora, Byzantine Empress
- Ancient Women Writers
- Ancient Queens, Empresses, Pharaohs, Other Rulers
- Ancient Egypt
- Female Pharaohs
- Ancient and Classical Greece
- Ancient and Classical Rome
- Early Christianity
- Ancient Near East
Women in the Medieval and Renaissance World
Women in medieval and renaissance times were usually defined primarily through their roles as daughters, wives, and mothers. Most names are lost to history -- both because historical records were less complete than later records, and because most women weren't considered worthy of mention. A few women achieved power and fame through their roles as wives, mothers, daughters, and grandmothers; a very few achieved lasting fame through their own achievements. Here are some lists of biographies of women in medieval and renaissance times, along with a few links to biographies of some of the most famous (or infamous).
- Key Women of Medieval Europe - Influential Medieval Women
- Medieval and Renaissance Queens and Other Women Rulers
- Medieval Women Writers
- Medieval Women Saints
- Women of the 10th Century
- Women Warriors of the Medieval World
- Women of Medieval and Renaissance Britain
- Women of Medieval and Renaissance France
- Women of Medieval and Renaissance Germany
- Tudor Women
- Empress Theodora
- Empress Suiko
- Princess Olga
- Hildegard of Bingen
- Empress Matilda (Maud), Lady of the English
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Catherine of Siena and Teresa of Avila
- More Biographies of Notable Medieval and Renaissance Women
Women in Medicine
Women pioneers in medicine and nursing have broken down barriers and changed the face of medicine itself by influencing how medicine is practiced. Florence Nightingale reshaped how the field of nursing was practiced, moving it from a practice of nuns and uneducated laywomen to a scientifically-grounded profession. The first woman in the modern era to become a medical doctor with full credentials was Elizabeth Blackwell, but a few women made their mark in the field before her, and many more followed after once the barriers were broken.
Women in Science and Math
Women have made significant contributions to the fields of science and math, despite often overwhelming odds and discrimination. Here are some of the famous women you might want to learn more about, in chemistry, physics, life sciences (biology, environmental science), anthropology, computer science, math, and more:
- Maria Agnesi
- Elizabeth Arden
- Rachel Carson
- Anna Comnena
- Marie Curie
- Dian Fossey
- Rosalind Franklin
- Sophie Germain
- Caroline Herschel
- Hypatia
- Ada Lovelace
- Wangari Maathai
- Maria Goeppert Mayer
- Maria Mitchell
- Florence Nightingale
- Emmy Noether
- Mary Fairfax Somerville
- Lucy Wheelock
- Ten Women in Mathematics History
Women in Sports
Women have excelled in many individual and team sports, playing in separate women's events at competitions and on women's teams. Whether at the Olympics or at Wimbledon, or at many other venues, women's sports have fascinated audiences and drawn participants. Here are a few of the greats of women's sports: